Ureaplasma: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

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What To Know About Cysts

There are various different types of cysts.

Acne cysts

Cystic acne, or nodulocystic acne, is a severe type of acne in which the skin's pores become blocked, leading to infection and inflammation.

Learn about cystic acne on the back.

Arachnoid cysts

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke notes that arachnoid cysts develop between the arachnoid membrane and the brain or spinal cord. These cysts contain spinal fluid.

Arachnoid cysts may affect newborn babies. Doctors call these primary arachnoid cysts.

The arachnoid membrane covers the brain. During fetal development, it doubles up or splits to form an abnormal pocket of spinal fluid. In some cases, a doctor may need to drain the cyst.

Secondary arachnoid cysts develop as a result of head injury, tumors, or meningitis.

Baker's cysts

Baker's cysts are also known as popliteal cysts.

Some do not cause any symptoms. However, a person with a Baker's cyst can experience:

knee pain

a lump behind the knee

a feeling of fullness behind the knee

swelling in the knee and lower leg

stiffness or tightness located at the back of the knee

Baker's cysts usually develop due to a problem with the knee joint, such as arthritis or a cartilage tear.

Bartholin's cysts

Bartholin's cysts can occur if the ducts of the Bartholin gland, which are inside the vagina, become blocked.

A doctor may recommend surgery or prescription antibiotics as treatment.

Breast cysts

Breast cysts are common and may be painful.

In people assigned female at birth, these cysts can develop or change in size throughout the menstrual cycle, and they often disappear on their own. However, a doctor can drain the fluid if they are causing discomfort.

According to the American Cancer Society, simple cysts do not increase the risk of breast cancer. That said, there is a small chance that complex cysts may contain cancer or increase a person's risk of cancer later on, depending on the results of a biopsy.

Ovarian Cysts And Prolapse

Ovarian cysts

Causes: A cyst is a fluid-filled sac that develops inside the ovary. They are very common, especially in women in their thirties and forties, and almost always harmless. In fact, they can occur - and disappear - from one month to the next without you even noticing. But if they have reached a certain size, they are unlikely to shrink naturally. Occasionally, a cyst can cause the ovary to twist or it may leak into the abdominal cavity. In rare cases, an ovarian cyst may be cancerous (see Ovarian Cancer).

Symptoms: Pain during intercourse and painful, heavy periods. If a cyst twists or ruptures, it causes stomach pain, nausea and fever.

Treatment: This depends on the size of the cyst, whether it involves one or both ovaries and your age. An ultrasound operation will generally determine the nature of the cyst, though a twisted ovary will cause such intense pain that it requires emergency surgery. In younger women, smaller cysts are often removed via keyhole surgery. In older women who have had all their children, sometimes the entire ovary will be removed.

Prolapse

Causes: This occurs when the group of muscles and ligaments in the pelvis, which hold in place the pelvic organs - uterus, bladder, rectum, urethra, and others - weaken, allowing organs in the area to push down into the vagina, causing it to prolapse. The most likely organ to fall is the uterus.

A prolapse is very unlikely to occur in a woman under menopausal age, but though the muscles weaken with age, they will have probably been injured years earlier, in pregnancy, during a long labour or through having a large baby.

Symptoms: A prolapse is described according to the part or parts of the uterus and vagina that are involved. If the front wall of the vagina is prolapsing, it is called a cystocoele. If the back wall is involved, it is called a rectocoele. The first is associated with stress incontinence, the second with constipation and bowel discomfort. Other symptoms include severe backache, pain during intercourse and sometimes a 'dragging down' feeling in the pelvis.

Treatment: The best cure is prevention - by doing pelvic floor exercises on a daily basis to strengthen the muscles. These can be done anywhere and at any time by simply tightening the pelvic floor muscles as if trying to stop your urine flow.

It is particularly important to do this if you are pregnant or have just had a baby. Once you have had a prolapse, exercises are usually not enough to rectify the problem and you need surgery. The operation, to tighten the muscles with stitches, is usually performed under general anaesthetic.

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What Are The Potential Problems With Ovarian Cysts?

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