Bacterial vaginosis: Symptoms, treatments, causes, and prevention
Itchy Vagina Before Period: Causes, Remedies, And Treatments
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Vaginal itching before menstruation can have various causes. These include hormonal shifts, infection, and allergies, among others. Treatment can include medications and home remedies.
Some common reasons a person might experience vaginal itching around their period include a yeast infection, bacterial vaginosis (BV), vaginal dryness, inflammation, and the use of certain period products.
Vaginal infections are not usually serious, though they sometimes need medical treatment. People who experience itching at the same point during every cycle may have a condition called cyclic vulvovaginitis.
In this article, learn about the causes of vaginal itching before a period, as well as some treatment options and home remedies.
The sections below will look at some potential causes of vaginal itching before a period in more detail.
Vaginal drynessEstrogen levels peak around ovulation, then fall rapidly in the days leading up to a period. This can cause vaginal dryness. Vaginal dryness may make the vagina feel painful and itchy, especially during sex.
A person approaching menopause may also experience vaginal dryness. Sometimes, women who have recently given birth also notice dryness while they are postpartum or breastfeeding.
InflammationThere is evidence to suggest that menstruation increases skin sensitivity.
A study from 1991 found that people on day one of their menstrual cycle were much more likely to experience skin irritation when their bodies had exposure to an irritant stimulus than at later points in their cycle.
This could be due to inflammation. Inflammation levels rise and fall during a person's menstrual cycle. Researchers suggest that this could be why some people with chronic illnesses notice that their symptoms get worse before or during their period.
If a person has allergies, skin irritation, or a skin condition, it is possible that inflammation levels before a period could make their symptoms worse and cause itching. However, this is still a growing area of research, so scientists do not yet understand the connection fully.
Period productsSome people experience irritation related to the menstrual products they use.
Tampons can absorb natural vaginal lubrication, making the vagina feel dry and itchy. Similarly, scented products may cause reactions in people with sensitive skin or allergies.
If the irritation only happens when a person gets their period, this may mean that the period products they use are the culprit. A person can try switching to unscented pads or silicone menstrual cups. These products are less likely to cause dryness or skin reactions.
Yeast infectionYeast infections are a type of fungal infection. It is normal to have some yeast on the skin, but too much can cause an infection.
Certain factors — such as pregnancy, diabetes, and using antibiotics — can also trigger yeast infections.
Yeast infections are common and can happen at any time during a person's menstrual cycle. If the vagina and vulva are itchy and there is a thick, cottage cheese-like discharge, a person may have a yeast infection.
Cyclic vulvovaginitisCyclic vulvovaginitis is a chronic infection that reoccurs before or during a person's period.
A person with cyclic vulvovaginitis may experience symptoms such as:
Several factors can contribute to this condition, including anything that changes the vagina's complex bacterial balance. Antibiotics, hormonal contraceptives, chemical products, and some chronic illnesses may play a role.
Doctors treat this condition by finding the cause of the imbalance and treating the infection.
BVBV is a bacterial infection of the vagina. It is also the most common type of vaginal infection in females aged 15–44.
Many people with this infection notice a strong fishy odor, especially after sex. Sometimes, the symptoms are worse at certain points in a person's cycle, such as before a period.
Some people with BV notice only an odor, but others may experience:
Doctors do not always understand what causes BV. However, they do know that changes in a person's vaginal flora and practices such as douching can increase the likelihood of developing it.
Sexually transmitted infectionsSome sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as gonorrhea, may cause itching, discharge, or an unpleasant odor.
These infections do not usually get worse before or during a person's period. However, some people may notice symptoms for the first time before their period.
Most STIs are treatable. If a person has any symptoms of an STI, they should see a doctor for diagnosis and treatment.
A doctor may examine the vagina and vulva for discharge, irritation, and injuries. They may also take a swab of the vagina to test for different types of infection.
If there are no obvious signs of infection or injury, the doctor may recommend that the person keeps a diary of symptoms and lifestyle factors, so that they can identify the cause of the itching.
Some companies now offer home test kits that can help diagnose a yeast infection or BV. However, if symptoms do not improve with home treatment or they get worse, it is important to see a doctor.
There is no specific treatment for inflammation-related itching during a period. Some people may find that vaginal moisturizers help. These moisturizers can also ease vaginal dryness.
For irritation, switching to unscented period products, using tampon alternatives, and avoiding harsh soaps may help.
Yeast infections usually respond to over-the-counter (OTC) antifungal treatments. However, some people may need an oral antifungal to treat a chronic or recurring yeast infection.
People with cyclic vulvovaginitis may require more aggressive treatment. A doctor may prescribe topical creams and oral antifungals simultaneously. In some cases, a person will need to continue with treatment for several months after symptoms subside.
For BV and STIs, a doctor may prescribe antibiotics. Different infections respond to different antibiotics, so it is important to get an accurate diagnosis and a prescription for the correct antibiotic.
A number of home remedies may help reduce the severity of vaginal itching before a period. However, the methods that help will depend on what the cause is.
It is important to note that home remedies cannot cure STIs or serious infections.
ProbioticsFor yeast infections and BV, probiotics may help. Probiotics contain species of beneficial bacteria and come in oral and topical forms.
However, research into their effectiveness is inconclusive, and they will not cure a severe vaginal infection.
Vaginal lubricants and moisturizersSome people find relief from vaginal dryness and inflammation by using vaginal moisturizers. Moisturizers are different than lubricants because they offer long-term moisture, not temporary lubrication for sexual activity.
A number of strategies may help reduce the risk of vaginal irritation before a period, including:
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), people who have never had sex rarely experience BV, which suggests that sexual activity could contribute to a person developing the condition.
Limiting sexual activity, limiting the number of sexual partners, avoiding douching, and using condoms may help prevent BV. Using condoms is also crucial for preventing STIs.
Using a topical probiotic or eating probiotic foods such as yogurt may help a person keep their vaginal flora in balance. However, there is not yet enough evidence to prove that this can prevent yeast infections or BV.
If a person has any symptoms of an infection — such as a bad odor, discharge, or pain — they should see a doctor.
Infections such as BV can make it more likely that a person will develop an STI. BV can also affect pregnant women and is associated with premature birth and a low birth weight.
Some STIs also have long-term effects on the body and can affect a person's fertility.
However, if a person only experiences irritation or itching without any symptoms of an infection, they can try OTC treatments and home remedies for dryness and inflammation first.
If OTC treatments do not work, or if the symptoms go away and come back, a person should seek medical treatment.
Having an itchy vagina before a period could indicate that someone has inflammation, irritation, or vaginal dryness. Trying OTC remedies such as vaginal moisturizers may help ease symptoms.
Making some lifestyle changes, such as switching period products, may also help prevent itching.
Sometimes, however, vaginal itching occurs due to infections or chronic conditions. If a person experiences continuous itching that does not improve with OTC treatments or that occurs with other symptoms, they should see a doctor.
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What Causes Vulvar Itching That Is Worse At Night?
Possible causes of vulvar itching at night include:
Bacterial vaginosisAccording to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), bacterial vaginosis is the most common vaginal infection in women between the ages of 15 and 44 years.
Bacteria are naturally present in the vagina, but an overgrowth can lead to bacterial vaginosis. This infection is more common among people who are sexually active.
Not everyone with bacterial vaginosis will have noticeable symptoms. However, common symptoms include:
Bacterial vaginosis usually requires treatment, so it is best to speak to a doctor about these symptoms.
Yeast infectionsThe vagina naturally contains a fungus called Candida, which usually does not cause any problems.
However, Candida can cause a yeast infection if a change in the environment allows it to grow out of control.
Changes that may facilitate infection typically occur in the immune system or involve certain medications or hormone levels.
The symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection may include:
If these symptoms are occurring for the first time, it is best to see a doctor to confirm a yeast infection as the cause.
Both over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription treatments are available for yeast infections.
Allergens and irritantsMany allergens and irritants can potentially cause vulvar itching. Irritants typically cause symptoms quickly, while allergens may take a few days to produce symptoms.
Some common allergens and irritants that can cause vulvar itching include:
Some sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including pubic lice and trichomoniasis, may cause vaginal itching.
Pubic lice, which people often refer to as crabs, often cause vulvar itching that may feel worse at night. It is often possible to see pubic lice during a self-examination, but it is best to visit a doctor for a proper diagnosis.
Trichomoniasis is another STI that may cause vulvar itching. As with some other STIs, it does not always cause symptoms.
When symptoms do occur, they may include:
A doctor can usually prescribe antibiotics to treat trichomoniasis.
Lichen sclerosusLichen sclerosus is a chronic skin condition. It can occur nearly anywhere on the body, but it is most common on the genitals and anus.
Lichen sclerosus causes the skin to thin, which leads to irritation, itching, and blisters. At first, lichen sclerosus may not produce any symptoms.
However, as it progresses, some of the following symptoms may start to appear:
The exact cause of lichen sclerosus remains unknown. However, the condition may run in families, result from hormone imbalances, or stem from an immune disorder.
Lichen planusLichen planus is an abnormal immune response that occurs when the immune system starts to attack the mucous membranes and skin.
It can affect many different parts of the body, including the vulva.
When lichen planus appears inside the vagina, it typically presents as white patches or painful sores.
If it appears on the outside of the vagina on the vulva, it can take the form of itchy, flat, red or purple bumps.
Eczema or dermatitisVulvar dermatitis occurs when the vulva becomes itchy and inflamed. The area may look red or discolored.
Heat, moisture, or irritants can cause dermatitis, but so can eczema. Eczema is a long term skin condition that causes dry, cracked, scaly, and itchy skin. It can affect any part of the body, including the genitals.
If itching due to eczema or dermatitis becomes worse at night, this may be because the skin is too dry or because trapped sweat is irritating it. A person can often ease this symptom by using water and mild soap before moisturizing the affected area.
PsoriasisPsoriasis is an autoimmune condition that can cause dry, painful, and itchy patches on the vulva and surrounding area. In rare cases, it can also develop inside the vagina.
A type of psoriasis called inverse psoriasis is more common on the vulva, but dryness can increase the risk of plaques forming. Scratching can also cause more severe symptoms.
Psoriasis itching may feel worse at night if a person no longer has daytime distractions and focuses on the symptoms.
Vulvar cancerIn very rare cases, vulvar itching can be a sign of vulvar cancer. Types of cancer and precancerous conditions that can cause itching around the vulva include:
Invasive squamous cell cancer and vulvar melanoma also cause symptoms such as a lump, pain, or bleeding outside of the usual menstrual cycle.
Many people with VIN do not experience any initial symptoms. If they do, the only symptom is usually persistent itching. VIN is not cancer, but it can lead to cancer over time.
Paget's disease of the vulva causes soreness and red, scaly patches.
The cause of vulvar itching that gets worse at night will determine the treatment.
In cases of bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis, a doctor is likely to prescribe antibiotics to cure the infection.
If the itching is due to a yeast infection, a doctor may recommend an OTC treatment option or prescribe a stronger medication.
If the cause of the itchiness is an allergic reaction, the doctor may prescribe an antihistamine to relieve the symptoms.
Corticosteroids or oral medication can help stop the immune system response that causes lichen planus. A doctor may also prescribe antihistamines.
If the itching occurs as a result of lice, a person will need to destroy the insects and their eggs and then wash all of the clothing and bedding in the home thoroughly.
In cases of lichen sclerosus, a doctor may prescribe or recommend topical steroids, steroid injections, or tricyclic antidepressants to help with the pain.
Treating underlying conditions such as psoriasis or eczema with emollient creams and topical medications can help relieve symptoms. There are many other treatment options for these conditions, including phototherapy, corticosteroids, and vitamin D supplements.
Doctors will treat cancer on a case-by-case basis. The treatment plan may include:
What Causes Vaginal Swelling And How Is It Treated?
Swelling in or around the vaginal opening happens from time to time and may resolve on its own. But if you're having other unusual symptoms like increased discharge and itching, it could be a sign of an underlying condition.
Vaginal swelling may happen from time to time, and it's not always a cause for concern. Periods, pregnancy, and penetration can all cause swelling in the vaginal area, including the vaginal lips (labia).
Sometimes, swelling may be the result of an underlying condition. In these cases, it's important to understand what's causing the swelling and what can be done to treat it.
Chemicals in everyday products like laundry detergent and bubble baths can irritate the sensitive skin of the vagina, vulva, and labia. So can perfumed products and harsh toilet paper.
If you've switched to a new product or developed a sensitivity, you may experience swelling, itching, and burning around your vaginal opening.
Stop using any product you think might be affecting your vagina. If the irritation clears, you should avoid the product to avoid future swelling and discomfort.
But if the swelling remains, you may need to consult a clinician. They may prescribe a cream to help ease the swelling and other symptoms.
Items you use directly in or around your vagina can also irritate the tissue and lead to itching, irritation, and swelling.
This includes "feminine" hygiene products like scented sprays and suppositories, as well as practices like douching and steaming.
Condoms, lubricants, and period products can also cause irritation and inflammation.
Stop using the product you think might be responsible for the irritation. If the swelling stops, you know the guilty culprit. If the swelling remains or worsens, consult a healthcare professional.
Friction can cause small tears and other irritation if the vulva and vagina aren't properly lubricated. This can result in vaginal swelling, pain, and irritation.
In most cases, you won't need treatment. Use an over-the-counter (OTC) pain reliever until the swelling and sensitivity ends.
If you've experienced sexual assault or were forced into any sexual activity, it's important to seek medical care from a trained healthcare professional.
Organizations like the Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network (RAINN) offer support for survivors of rape or sexual assault. You can call RAINN's 24/7 national sexual assault hotline at 800-656-4673 for anonymous, confidential help.
In order to keep your vagina healthy, you need a careful balance of good bacteria to protect your vaginal environment and keep tabs on potentially bad bacteria and organisms.
Sometimes, the bad bacteria grow too rapidly and outnumber the good bacteria, resulting in bacterial vaginosis (BV).
In addition to swelling, you may experience:
Some people won't need treatment for BV. The bacterial balance may restore itself naturally.
If you're still experiencing symptoms after a week, reach out to a healthcare professional. They may prescribe an antibacterial medication taken by mouth or inserted into the vagina.
A yeast infection occurs when one or more of the Candida fungal species (commonly Candida albicans) grows beyond typical amounts in the vagina.
In addition to swelling, a yeast infection may cause:
Yeast infections can be treated with either OTC or prescription antifungal medication therapy. If you've had a yeast infection before, you may be able to use an OTC antifungal treatment to help clear up your symptoms.
But if this is your first yeast infection, make an appointment with a healthcare professional.
Yeast infection symptoms are often similar to that of other vaginal infections, some of which can result in severe complications if left untreated. Your clinician can confirm the underlying cause and advise you on next steps.
An inflamed cervix (cervicitis) may stem from an underlying infection, including sexually transmitted infections (STI).
In addition to vaginal swelling, cervicitis can cause:
There isn't one standard course of treatment for cervicitis. Your healthcare professional will decide the best option for you based on your symptoms and the underlying cause of the inflammation.
Prescription medications, including antibiotic and antiviral medications, can help clear the inflammation and any underlying infection.
Genital herpes is an STI caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV).
Genital herpes causes clusters of small, painful blisters. This could cause swelling in and around the vaginal opening.
These blisters tend to burst, and they may ooze a clear fluid. After they burst, the spots turn into painful sores that may take at least 1 week to heal.
Prescription antiviral medication can help shorten and prevent future outbreaks.
Pregnancy changes a lot about a person's body. Pressure on the pelvis can cause blood to pool, and other fluids may not drain well. This can cause swelling, pain, and discomfort in the vagina.
Lying down or resting frequently may help. However, if other symptoms occur — or the swelling and discomfort are too burdensome — consult with a healthcare professional.
Gartner's duct refers to the remnants of a vaginal duct that forms in a fetus. This duct typically goes away after birth. However, if a remnant remains, it could become attached to the vaginal wall, and cysts can develop there.
The cyst isn't a cause for concern unless it begins to grow and cause pain or becomes infected. An infected cyst can form an abscess. The cyst or abscess may be felt or seen as a mass outside the vagina.
The primary treatment for a significant Gartner's duct cyst or abscess is surgery. Removing the cyst or abscess should eliminate symptoms. Once it's removed, symptoms should disappear.
Bartholin's glands are located on either side of the vaginal opening. These glands are responsible for producing lubricating mucus for the vagina. Sometimes, these glands can become infected, fill with pus, and form abscesses.
In addition to vaginal swelling, a cyst or abscess can cause:
Treatment for Bartholin's cysts or abscesses isn't always necessary. A small cyst may drain on its own, and symptoms will disappear.
A sitz bath — a warm, shallow tub filled with warm water and sometimes salt added in — may ease pain and discomfort. You can sit in the bath several times a day for up to a week to ease symptoms.
If your symptoms persist or worsen, consult a healthcare professional. Prescription antibiotics can help clear up an infection. In severe cases, your clinician may recommend draining or surgically removing the cyst or abscess.
What to do if your private part is swollen?The exact treatment for a swollen vulva depends on the cause, so seeing a doctor for an evaluation is important. That said, if you think that an allergic reaction is the cause, stop using any products that might be responsible.
You can also apply an over-the-counter (OTC) cortisone cream externally to help reduce the swelling. Never put the cream inside the vagina. Another thing to try is a sitz bath, as long as you avoid adding any fragranced products to the water that might increase irritation.
What does vulvar swelling look like?A swollen vulva might look puffy and red. On darker skin tones the redness might not be as visible, but it would still feel puffy and often tender to the touch. Additional symptoms may appear depending on the cause.
What does vaginitis look like?With vaginitis, the vulva will be sore or swollen, and the skin on the vulva might appear cracked. Other than that you may experience discharge and spotting, dryness, and itching in the area.
If you aren't experiencing symptoms other than swelling, you might want to wait a few days to see if your symptoms resolve with at-home remedies.
But if you're experiencing extreme pain or discomfort, reach out to a healthcare professional as soon as possible. They can help identify the underlying cause and develop a treatment plan suited to your needs.
In either case, avoid penetrative masturbation and partnered sexual activity until your symptoms clear up. Underlying infections can be transmitted between partners, so it's best to wait until you get the green light from a healthcare professional.
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