BV Causes

Question About two months ago, I had unprotected sex with a man who I later found out was living with HIV. I'm going to go get tested next week. Right after we had sex, my vagina smelled very fishy. This lasted for about four days and just stopped. I was wondering, could that have anything to do with HIV? Answer There are a lot of misconceptions about the way HIV works. That misunderstanding can lead to stigma and discrimination, which is why understanding the facts about HIV is so important. "For those living with HIV, the stigma has a bigger impact than the [biological] reality," says Daniel Saynt, founder of the New Society for Wellness (NSFW). If you're asking whether HIV can cause a person's vagina to smell, then you might also have a few other basic questions about HIV, like: How is it transmitted? How can I know if I have it? What is the first sign of HIV infection? Here is a quick breakdown, because it's important to know the basics before we d...

Pandemic, endemic, and epidemic are all terms that describe how far a disease or pathogen has spread within a geographical region or population. An endemic disease is one that is always present throughout a region or group of people and remains fairly consistent. An example of this is coccidioidomycosis, or valley fever, which is endemic to the Southwestern United States and northern Mexico. An epidemic occurs when a disease unexpectedly increases among a large population or region. An example is ebola, which spread rapidly throughout West Africa in 2014–2016 . A pandemic spreads across multiple countries or continents, affecting large numbers of people. An example of this is COVID-19, which results from a coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2 that first appeared in one region before spreading around the world. In this article, we look at the differences between pandemic, endemic, and epidemic diseases. We also give more examples of each and explain which is most severe. An endemic disease is ...

Nystatin is a prescription medication used to treat fungal (or yeast) infections that affect the skin, mouth, and intestinal tract. It is part of the polyene group of antifungal drugs. It is primarily prescribed for candidiasis, yeast infection caused by an overgrowth of Candida fungus that lives naturally in and on the human body. Oral nystatin is used to treat oral thrush. Topical nystatin is used to treat fungal infections of the skin. Nystatin kills fungus to get rid of an infection or prevents it from growing in the first place. In addition to generic nystatin, you may also find it available under the brand names Mycostatin, Nystop, Nyamyc, or Pediaderm AF. Oral Nystatin Uses Oral nystatin, which is taken by mouth, is approved to treat yeast infections in the mouth, throat, and stomach. Sometimes, these infections are referred to as thrush. Direct contact with nystatin is needed to fight the fungus in these parts of the body. Nystatin works by s...

Chlamydia is a curable sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by bacteria. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) , chlamydia is the most frequently reported bacterial STI in the United States. In 2018, there were approximately 4 million chlamydial infections among people ages 15–39 years. Because this STI is a bacterial infection, it's treated with antibiotics. The two most common antibiotic treatments for chlamydial infections are azithromycin and doxycycline. Azithromycin is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved antibiotic used to treat genital chlamydia. It works to cure chlamydia by stopping the bacteria from multiplying. Adults and adolescents who are experiencing symptoms associated with chlamydia can take azithromycin for treatment. Though many people with chlamydia are asymptomatic (they don't show symptoms), common symptoms can include: abnormal discharge pain while urinating pain in the lower abdomen (in those assigned female...

As an adolescent-medicine doctor, I hear a lot about vaginal discharge. Whad'ya know? I have a few patients here right now. Why don't you join me as I find out what's going on. Wait one sec while I ask parents to sit in the waiting room so we can speak confidentially. My questions: Discharge color? Belly pain? Burning with urination? Have you ever been sexually active? Patient 1: "Clear, no odor, no itch, no belly pain, no burning, never sexually active" ADVERTISEMENT Our first patient has a normal vaginal discharge. I teach pediatric residents and medical students the importance of knowing what is normal in order to recognize what is abnormal. If you're up for it, I'd like to share Vaginal Discharge 101 with you. Vaginal discharge is a mixture of fluid, cells, and bacteria that lubricates and protects the vagina. Normal discharge is usually: Clear, white, or off-white Varies in thickness during the menstrual cycle Patient 2: "White, no odor, itchy, n...

Highlights for nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin sublingual tablet is available as both a generic and a brand-name drug. Brand name: Nitrostat. A sublingual tablet is a tablet that you dissolve under your tongue or inside your cheek. Nitroglycerin also comes as a spray, aerosol solution, transdermal patch, and ointment. In addition, it comes in an injectable form that's only given by a healthcare professional. Nitroglycerin sublingual tablet is used to stop or prevent angina (chest pain). Low blood pressure: This drug may lower your blood pressure. This can cause lightheadedness, dizziness, and fainting when you stand up. This is called orthostatic hypotension. It may happen as soon as you take the drug. You should sit down while taking this medication and then stand up slowly. Your doctor may check your blood pressure before and during your treatment with this drug. Nitroglycerin sublingual tablet is a prescription drug that's available as the brand-name drug Nitrostat. It's als...

Published 11:01 AM, February 13, 2022 A new Pandemic Preparedness Plan from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) paves the way for faster responses to emerging or re-emerging threats of infectious diseases. Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of NIAID and chief medical advisor to the president, said the new plan is government-wide and upgrades plans for emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases that NIAID has had in place for years. The plan includes identifying priority pathogens and prototype pathogens. Fauci explained that priority pathogens are very specific microbes that scientists suspect could evolve into a pandemic form, whereas prototype pathogens are broad virus...

Introduction Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic that is frequently used for induction of general anesthesia, maintenance of general anesthesia, sedation in the intensive care unit (ICU), and various painless treatments due to its advantages of rapid onset, rapid awakening, and low incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. 1 Despite the numerous advantages, propofol can still carry some side effects. Frequent adverse reactions are pain on injection, hypotension, and respiratory depression. 2 In addition, the drug effect of propofol varies with different individuals, even when administered by the same standard. 3 Deep anesthesia will excessively suppress the stress response, leading to severe hypotension and even disrupting the perfusion of vital organs, while inadequate depth of anesthesia will lead to an increased incidence of intraoperative awareness. Therefore, it is important to individualize the medication and give patients the most proper dose to maintain an appro...

[unable to retrieve full-text content] Beijing Tests Shoppers Buying Fever Drugs Before Winter Olympics    Bloomberg

[unable to retrieve full-text content] Correction to Lancet Infect Dis 2022; 22: 250–64    The Lancet

Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite estimated to affect 3.7 million individuals in the United States, including 2.1% of women aged 14 to 59 years. Black women are disproportionately affected, with an increased prevalence rate of 9.6%. 1,2 Potential complications of trichomoniasis include increased risk of other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV and adverse birth outcomes in pregnancy. 2,3 Previously, the recommended treatment for trichomoniasis in HIV-uninfected individuals was a single oral dose of metronidazole. However, a recent randomized controlled trial reported that a 7-day course of metronidazole resulted in 45% fewer treatment failures compared with the single dose (10.9% vs 18.6%; relative risk [RR], 0.55; 95% CI, 0.34-0.70). 4 In the 2021 US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) STI guidelines, the recommended trichomoniasis treatment regimen was revised to 7 days of metronidazole for all women. Secnidazole is a nitroimidazole antibi...